Anatomy of the hip joint
One of the largest joints in the human body, it allows us to walk and transfers the weight of the entire torso, upper limbs and head to the legs. The structure of the hip joint consists of the head of the femur and the acetabulum of the hip bone (which forms part of the pelvis). The surfaces where the two bones meet are covered with articular cartilage, which reduces friction between the bones and allows them to move freely.
This anatomical structure makes it possible to perform abduction, adduction, circumduction, flexion, straightening, as well as internal and external rotation movements. The joint itself is surrounded by an articular capsule filled with joint fluid, which further reduces friction and facilitates smooth movement of the limb. In addition, the joint is surrounded by blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves, as well as ligaments that provide an attachment site for the muscles that enable movement.
Indications for CT scanning of the hip joint
CT scans of the hip joints are most often performed for fractures around the joint, such as femoral neck fractures, unfortunately quite common among menopausal women, as well as conditions and discopathies that often afflict the joint. In addition, CT can diagnose fatigue fractures of the joint. The CT scanner also provides an invaluable diagnostic tool before surgical procedures in this area. It also makes it possible to visualize the loosening of the prosthesis and any pathologies associated with its malfunction.
Preparation for the examination of the hip joint
In the vast majority of cases, a CT scan of the hip joint does not require the administration of a contrast agent, is quick and completely painless. It is not necessary to be fasting or to have creatinine and eGFR levels determined when performing this test. It is necessary, as for any CT scan and examination with ionizing radiation, to bring a current referral for CT hip examination.